namei - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
namei [options] pathname...Options you will use
-l, --long- long listing: modes and owners of every component (same as -m -o -v)
-m, --modes- show the mode bits of each component
-o, --owners- show owner and group of each component
-n, --nosymlinks- do not follow symlinks
Examples
$ namei -l /srv/vault/report.txtwhich directory in the chain is missing the x bit?
Gotchas
- The fastest answer to "the file is 644 and I still get Permission denied": one directory above it has no x for you.
Taught in
Try namei in a real terminal Free, in your browser - a real Ubuntu terminal to try it in, with missions that check your work.