`growpart` - extend a partition in a partition table to fill available space

growpart [options] DISK PARTITION-NUMBER

Options you will use

-N, --dry-run: only report what would be done
-u, --update auto|force|off: tell the kernel about the new size (auto: when the partition is in use)
-v, --verbose: more output
-N, --dry-run: only report what would change
-u, --update auto|force|off|on: how to tell the kernel about the new partition size (default auto: online if possible)
--fudge BYTES: do nothing if the partition would grow by less than this (default 1 MiB)

$ sudo growpart /dev/nvme0n1 1

grow partition 1 to the end of the disk

$ sudo resize2fs /dev/nvme0n1p1

then grow the ext4 file system on it

From cloud-guest-utils. Mind the space: growpart /dev/nvme0n1 1 (disk, then number), not /dev/nvme0n1p1.
After aws ec2 modify-volume --size, the disk is bigger but the partition and file system are not: growpart the partition, then resize2fs (ext4) or xfs_growfs (XFS) the file system. lsblk shows each layer.
"NOCHANGE: partition 1 is size N. it cannot be grown" = the volume has not grown yet (modification still optimizing is fine; check describe-volumes-modifications).

Try growpart in a real terminal Free, in your browser - a real Ubuntu terminal to try it in, with missions that check your work.