`bash` - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

bash [options] [command_string | file]

Options you will use

-c string: Read and execute commands from string, then exit.
-n: Read commands but do not execute them. Syntax check only.
-x: Print each command and its expanded arguments to stderr before running it (xtrace).
-e: Exit immediately if a command exits non-zero. See the gotchas in NOTES.
-u: Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
-o pipefail: A pipeline returns the status of the rightmost command that failed.
-s: Read commands from standard input.
--noprofile: Do not read /etc/profile or ~/.bash_profile (login start files).
--norc: Do not read ~/.bashrc.

$ bash -n script.sh

syntax-check a script without running it

$ bash -x script.sh

trace every command as it runs

$ bash -c 'echo $BASH_VERSION'

run one command string

set -e does NOT fire for a command in a condition (if/while/&&/||), for any command in a pipeline except the last (use pipefail), or for local x=$(cmd) - local is the command whose status is seen.
set -u catches unset variables, but "${arr[@]}" on an empty array is fine in bash 4.4+.

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